ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed at assessing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of Covishield, which is identical to AstraZeneca vaccine, in preventing laboratory-confirmed Covid-19. METHODS: Using test-negative case-control design, information on vaccination status of cases with Covid-19 among healthcare workers in our institution in Puducherry, India, and an equal number of controls matched for age and date of testing, was obtained. The groups were compared using multivariable conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR). VE was calculated as 100*(1-adjusted odds ratio)%. RESULTS: Using data from 360 case-control pairs, VE of one dose and of two doses, in providing protection against Covid-19 was 49% (95% CI: 17%-68%) and 54% (27%-71%), respectively. Among cases with moderately severe disease that required oxygen therapy, VE following any number of vaccine doses was 95% (44%-100%). CONCLUSION: Covishield vaccine protected significantly against Covid-19, with a higher protection rate against severe forms of disease.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines , Case-Control Studies , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 , Humans , VaccinationSubject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19/prevention & control , Drug Development , Technology, Pharmaceutical , Adaptive Immunity/immunology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19 Vaccines/classification , COVID-19 Vaccines/pharmacology , Drug Development/methods , Drug Development/trends , Humans , Inventions , SARS-CoV-2/physiology , Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods , Technology, Pharmaceutical/trendsSubject(s)
Biomedical Research , COVID-19 , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Health Services Research , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/trends , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/transmission , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Health Services Research/organization & administration , Health Services Research/trends , Humans , Needs Assessment , Organizational Innovation , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
We conducted 3 population-based cross-sectional surveys, at 1-month intervals, to estimate the prevalence and time-trend of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Puducherry, India. Seropositivity rate increased from 4.9% to 34.5% over 2 months and was 20-fold higher than the number of diagnosed cases of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Emerging Infectious Diseases is the property of Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
ABSTRACT
We conducted 3 population-based cross-sectional surveys, at 1-month intervals, to estimate the prevalence and time-trend of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Puducherry, India. Seropositivity rate increased from 4.9% to 34.5% over 2 months and was 20-fold higher than the number of diagnosed cases of infection.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , COVID-19 Serological Testing/trends , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Adult , COVID-19/blood , Cluster Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Interrupted Time Series Analysis , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in December 2019 in China, has resulted in a pandemic leading to significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Although it mainly causes respiratory symptoms, respiratory failure and death due to multiorgan failure, there is evolving evidence to suggest gastrointestinal (GI) and liver involvement by this virus. Owing to this, health-care professionals taking care of GI and liver diseases are also at an increased risk of getting exposed. Hence, there is a need for protocols to be prepared to guide the handling of COVID-19 patients by the GI and liver specialists, as well as to manage the pre-existing GI and liver diseases during the ongoing pandemic. We present here the guidelines prepared jointly by the three Indian professional bodies in the field of GI diseases, namely the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India, Indian Society of Gastroenterology, and Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver.